Grammar areas closely connected with academic writing and speaking

(In addition to more general grammar areas taught as part of modern EFL syllabuses, if required)

• Adverbial clauses

• Subordinating conjunctions and clauses

• Nominalisation

• Passive reporting verbs

• Constructions used for speculation and deduction

• Passive constructions and use of modals for making language more tentative - ‘hedging language’.

• Ellipsis and substitution

• Participle clauses

• 'Cleft-sentence’ constructions – particularly for placing emphasis when speaking